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Original Studies

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Defining Old Cities: Guardians of Architectural Heritage and Collective Memory
Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi, Mufeed Ehsan Shok, and Maria Abreu

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The Role of Aporia in the Production and Reading of Architectural Texts
Ghusoon Najm Abdulzahra and Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza

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The Role of Swarm Intelligence Systems in Shaping Urban Development Policies
Sabaa Mujtaba Abdulwahid, Wahda Shuker Al-Hinkawi, and Nada Abdulmueen Hasan

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Achieving Healthy Upbringing through School Design: A Case Study of Iraqi School Buildings
Tuqa Abbas Alqari, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim AL-Yousif, and Enas Salim

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